ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To investigate the trends of the drug-resistance of Staphylococcus in our area and to provide reference basis for rational use of antibiotic.METHODS Referring to Nationwide Rules of Operation in Clinical Laboratory,identification of bacteria was operated.K-B method was used to test drug sensitivity.And the results of drug sensitivity were analyzed.RESULTS None vancomycin-resistant strains were detected in 482 strains of Staphylococcus;the sensitivity rates to amikacin and gentamicin were more than 50.0% and were relatively stable.The sensitivity rate to penicillin was 0 in 2002 and 16.2% in 2006,which showed a tendency towards going up.The sensitivity rate to rifampicin was 56.5% in 2002 and 16.2% in 2006,which showed a decreasing tendency.The sensitivity rates of other drugs were less than 50.0% but stable.CONCLUSIONS It′s better to refer to the results of drug resistance test when treating infection caused by Staphylococcus,and the first choice is vancomycin or amikacin if drug resistance results cannot acquired.
ABSTRACT
We report a complete genomic sequence of rare isolates (minor genotype) of the SARS-CoV from SARS patients in Guangdong, China, where the first few cases emerged. The most striking discovery from the isolate is an extra 29-nucleotide sequence located at the nucleotide positions between 27,863 and 27,864 (referred to the complete sequence of BJ01) within an overlapped region composed of BGI-PUP5 (BGI-postulated uncharacterized protein 5) and BGI-PUP6 upstream of the N (nucleocapsid) protein. The discovery of this minor genotype, GD-Ins29, suggests a significant genetic event and differentiates it from the previously reported genotype, the dominant form among all sequenced SARS-CoV isolates. A 17-nt segment of this extra sequence is identical to a segment of the same size in two human mRNA sequences that may interfere with viral replication and transcription in the cytosol of the infected cells. It provides a new avenue for the exploration of the virus-host interaction in viral evolution, host pathogenesis, and vaccine development.
Subject(s)
Base Sequence , China , Cluster Analysis , Gene Components , Genetic Variation , Genome, Viral , Genotype , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , Genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome , GeneticsABSTRACT
The E (envelope) protein is the smallest structural protein in all coronaviruses and is the only viral structural protein in which no variation has been detected. We conducted genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of SARS-CoV. Based on genome sequencing, we predicted the E protein is a transmembrane (TM) protein characterized by a TM region with strong hydrophobicity and alpha-helix conformation. We identified a segment (NH2-_L-Cys-A-Y-Cys-Cys-N_-COOH) in the carboxyl-terminal region of the E protein that appears to form three disulfide bonds with another segment of corresponding cysteines in the carboxyl-terminus of the S (spike) protein. These bonds point to a possible structural association between the E and S proteins. Our phylogenetic analyses of the E protein sequences in all published coronaviruses place SARS-CoV in an independent group in Coronaviridae and suggest a non-human animal origin.
Subject(s)
Amino Acid Sequence , Base Sequence , Cluster Analysis , Codon , Genetics , Gene Components , Genome, Viral , Membrane Glycoproteins , Metabolism , Membrane Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Protein Conformation , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , Genetics , Sequence Alignment , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Sequence Homology , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus , Viral Envelope Proteins , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
Beijing has been one of the epicenters attacked most severely by the SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus) since the first patient was diagnosed in one of the city's hospitals. We now report complete genome sequences of the BJ Group, including four isolates (Isolates BJ01, BJ02, BJ03, and BJ04) of the SARS-CoV. It is remarkable that all members of the BJ Group share a common haplotype, consisting of seven loci that differentiate the group from other isolates published to date. Among 42 substitutions uniquely identified from the BJ group, 32 are non-synonymous changes at the amino acid level. Rooted phylogenetic trees, proposed on the basis of haplotypes and other sequence variations of SARS-CoV isolates from Canada, USA, Singapore, and China, gave rise to different paradigms but positioned the BJ Group, together with the newly discovered GD01 (GD-Ins29) in the same clade, followed by the H-U Group (from Hong Kong to USA) and the H-T Group (from Hong Kong to Toronto), leaving the SP Group (Singapore) more distant. This result appears to suggest a possible transmission path from Guangdong to Beijing/Hong Kong, then to other countries and regions.